A malignant Brain Tumour is a fast-growing cancer that spreads to other areas of the brain and spine.

Generally, brain tumours are graded from 1 to 4, according to their behaviour, such as how fast they grow and how likely they are to grow back after treatment. A malignant brain tumour is either grade 3 or 4, whereas grade 1 or 2 tumours are usually classed as benign or non-cancerous.

Most malignant tumours are secondary cancers, which means they started in another part of the body and spread to the brain. Primary brain tumours are those that started in the brain.

These pages focus on high-grade brain tumours. For information about grade 1 or 2 tumours, read our pages on low-grade (benign) brain tumours.

Brain Tumor

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Malignant Brain Tumor

Treatment for a brain tumor aims to remove as much of it as possible and try to stop it coming back.
Malignant Brain Tumor

The primary interventions include:

Surgery:

This involves removing a small portion of the skull, excising the tumor, and subsequently reattaching the skull piece.

Radiotherapy:

Utilizing external radiation, this method is employed post-surgery to eliminate cancer cells.

Chemotherapy:

Medications are used to eradicate cancer cells post-surgery or to alleviate symptoms if complete tumor removal isn’t possible.

Radiosurgery:

This involves directing numerous small radiation beams at the cancer to eliminate it when surgery is not viable.

Recovery and After Effects:

Following treatment, some enduring issues may arise, such as seizures, difficulties in walking, and speech problems. Occupational therapy and physiotherapy may be necessary for recovery or adaptation to these challenges. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including smoking cessation, maintaining a nutritious diet, and regular exercise, is crucial to minimizing the risk of stroke. Gradual return to normal activities is possible during recovery, though certain activities, such as contact sports, might need to be avoided permanently.

Side Effects of Treatment:

Individuals who undergo brain tumor treatment may experience delayed side effects, such as cataracts, epilepsy, cognitive issues (thinking, memory, language, or judgment), and, rarely, stroke, months or years post-treatment.

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