Cervical Cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix. The most common cervical cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 70% of cases. Adenocarcinoma is less common (about 25% of cases) and more difficult to diagnose because it starts higher in the cervix.

It is estimated that more than 900 people were diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2023. The average age at diagnosis is 50 years old.

The incidence of cervical cancer has significantly decreased since the National Cervical Screening Program began in 1991 and a national Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine program was introduced in 2007. 

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Cervical cancer

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Cervical cancer is frequently manageable, and the specific treatment plan depends on various factors such as the size and type of the cancer, its location, whether it has spread, and your overall health. Typically, the treatment involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, and in some cases, targeted medicines may be used.

Regular Check-ups:

Following any treatments, you will undergo regular check-ups, including tests and scans to monitor your condition.

Surgery:

Surgery is often the primary treatment for cervical cancer, particularly if detected early. Various surgical approaches exist, involving the removal of different portions, such as:

– Part of the cervix (feasible for very small cancers)

– The cervix and upper part of the vagina (preserving the womb for potential future pregnancies)

– The cervix and womb (hysterectomy, may include removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes)

– Extensive removal involving cervix, womb, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and parts of bladder, bowel, vagina, or rectum (reserved for cases where cancer has recurred and alternative treatments are not viable). Lymph nodes may also need removal as part of the surgery.

Recovery periods vary based on the type of surgery, and your specialized medical team will provide comprehensive discussions about benefits and potential side effects.

Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy, which employs medications to eliminate cancer cells, may be administered for cervical cancer in various scenarios, including:

– As the primary treatment combined with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy)

– Before surgery to reduce the size of the cancer

– After surgery, usually in conjunction with radiotherapy to prevent cancer recurrence

– In cases of advanced cancer, recurrence, or spreading to other body parts.

Radiotherapy:

Radiotherapy, using high-energy radiation, is employed for cervical cancer:

– As the primary treatment for large or spreading cancers

– Post-surgery, often combined with chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) to prevent cancer recurrence

– To alleviate symptoms like bleeding. Radiotherapy can be administered externally or internally (brachytherapy).

Treatment with Targeted Medicines:

For advanced or recurrent cervical cancer, treatment with a targeted medicine called bevacizumab (Avastin) may be considered. The aim of this medicine is to reduce the size of the cancer or prevent further growth, not to cure it.

Non-Curable Situations:

In instances where cervical cancer is advanced and challenging to treat, and a cure is not feasible, the focus of treatment shifts to limiting the cancer and its symptoms, with the goal of enhancing the quality of life and extending survival.

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