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Non-melanoma Skin Cancer is a common type of cancer that starts in the top layer of skin. The main types are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Non-melanoma skin cancer can often be easily treated. The main cause is ultraviolet light, which comes from the sun and is used in sunbeds.
skin cancer

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

In the land of blinds, one eyed-man is king.

Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, although it may depend on your individual circumstances.

Non-surgical interventions, including cryotherapy (freezing), anti-cancer creams, photodynamic therapy (PDT), radiotherapy, and electrochemotherapy, are applied in specific scenarios. Generally, the success rate for treating non-melanoma skin cancer exceeds 90%. When determining the optimal treatment, doctors consider factors such as the cancer type, its stage (size and extent of spread), and the patient’s overall health.

Your cancer care team will provide recommendations on the preferred treatment option, yet the final decision rests with you.

Surgical Excision:

Surgical excision involves removing the cancer along with surrounding healthy tissue to ensure complete eradication. This procedure may be combined with a skin graft, where healthy skin, often from inconspicuous areas like the neck or abdomen, is transplanted to the affected site. In most cases, surgery alone suffices for curing non-melanoma skin cancer.

Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS):

MMS is a specialized surgical approach employed for non-melanoma skin cancers at a high risk of spreading or recurring, particularly in sensitive areas like the nose or close to the eyes. It entails excising the tumor and a small area of surrounding skin, immediately examining the edges under a microscope. If any tumor remains, additional surgery is performed on the same day to minimize healthy tissue removal and reduce scarring.

Curettage and Electrocautery:

Similar to surgical excision, this technique is suitable for smaller cancers. The surgeon uses a spoon-shaped or circular blade to scrape off the cancer, followed by burning (cauterization) to eliminate any residual cancer cells and seal the wound. This procedure may be repeated to ensure complete removal.

Cryotherapy:

Cryotherapy employs cold treatment to destroy early-stage non-melanoma skin cancers. Liquid nitrogen freezes the cancer, leading to scab formation, which eventually falls off about a month later, potentially leaving a small white scar.

Anti-Cancer Creams:

Specifically recommended for surface-contained tumors like early basal cell carcinoma and Bowen’s disease, anti-cancer creams include chemotherapy creams (e.g., containing 5-fluorouracil) and immune-stimulating creams (e.g., containing imiquimod). Applied over weeks, these creams cause minimal side effects limited to the skin’s surface.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT):

Used for basal cell carcinoma, Bowen’s disease, and actinic keratoses, PDT involves applying a light-sensitive cream to the skin, followed by exposure to a strong light source, killing the cancer. PDT may cause a burning sensation and typically results in less scarring than surgery.

Radiotherapy:

Utilizing low doses of radiation, radiotherapy is employed for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas in cases where surgery is unsuitable, the cancer covers a large area, or the area is challenging to operate on. Adjuvant radiotherapy may follow surgical excision to prevent cancer recurrence.

Electrochemotherapy:

Considered when surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy is ineffective or unsuitable, electrochemotherapy administers chemotherapy into or around the tumor, followed by pulses of electricity directed at the tumor. This enhances medicine penetration and tumor damage. The procedure, typically under general anesthesia, may cause temporary pain, requiring pain relief, and results may take around six weeks, with possible repeat sessions.

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